
Sfatul medicului. Tot ce trebuie să știi despre cancerul tiroidian. Cauze, diagnostic, tratament
Dezvoltarea unei tumori maligne la nivelul glandei tiroide deregleaza functiile tiroidiene si implica tulburari hormonale ce vor afecta profund organismul. Ce trebuie știut însă despre această formă de cancer?
Glanda tiroida este situata in fata traheei si coordoneaza prin hormonii tiroidieni ritmul cardiac, tensiunea arteriala, temperatura corpului, activitatea metabolismului bazal si a metabolismului lipidic, nivelul de calciu din organism si metabolismul sistemului osos; contribuie la procesele de oxigenare cerebrala si este implicata in contractilitatea musculara. Prin urmare, deteriorarea activitatii tiroidiene va afecta si aceste functii, determinand o functionare neadecvata a organelor coordonate.
Cancerul tiroidian debuteaza prin aparitia unor tumefieri locale si prezinta o evolutie lenta, de la debut pana la manifestarea primelor simptome putand trece chiar ani de zile. Se remarca o incidenta mai mare a tumorilor maligne in cazul bolnavilor ce prezinta gusa tiroidiana. S-au indentificat, in functie de tipul de celula afectata, urmatoarele forme de cancer tiroidian:
-carcinom papilar (cea mai frecventa forma, afectand peste 80% dintre cazuri; mestazele sunt localizate de obicei in zona ganglionilor cervicali si rareori se extind la distanta)
-carcinom folicular (afecteaza aproximativ 15-20% dintre bolnavii de cancer tiroidian, procesul malign afecteaza si organe aflate la distanta, avand si un caracter invaziv vascular)
-carcinom medular tiroidian (tumora se dezvolta din celule de tip C ale glandei tiroide, secretoare de calcitonina, forma mai frecventa la femei.
Prezinta un risc crescut de mestastaze cervicale dar si de metastaze la nivelul altor organe: plamani, ficat etc.)
carcinom tiroidian anaplazic (cea mai rara forma de cancer tiroidian, se manifesta in general la persoanele de varsta a treia. Marea majoritate a pacientilor diagnosticati cu acest tip de cancer tiroidian prezinta metastaze ganglionare cervicale in momentul diagnosticarii)
limfomul sau sarcomul tiroidian, sunt forme rare de cancer tiroidian si se dezvolta intr-un ganglion limfatic localizat in apropierea glandei tiroide
Procesul malign se poate instala si pe fondul unei inflamatii cronice la nivelul amigdalelor sau a glandei tiroide.
Ca simptome sunt frecvente: modificari ale vocii (raguseala, oboseala in timpul vorbirii, pierderea vocii, modificari de tonalitate), inflamarea unui nod limfatic in zona gatului, dureri in zona gatului, disfagie (dificultati in inghitirea alimentelor) sau dificultati respiratori si tuse, nervozitate, senzatie de sufocare, stari anxietate, alternate cu stari depresive etc. Prin dereglarile metabolice implicate se manifesta si modificari ponderale: pierderea sau cresterea in greutate in intervale scurte de timp. La nivel cardiac se remarca tulburari ale ritmului si ale frecventei cardiace.
Cauze si factori de risc. Tratamente……………………………..
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